Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches are evaluated based on process requirements, target product specifications, and environmental criteria. Laboratory and pilot-scale studies are integrated to assess metal recovery efficiency, purity levels, and operational risks.
- Elution and regeneration systems
- Electrowinning (EW) systems
- Solvent extraction (SX) and SX–EW circuits
- Resin-based metal recovery systems (RIP / RIL)
- Doré production and casting systems
- Concentrate conditioning and pre-smelting preparation systems
- Metal purification and quality control equipment